Australian scientists have managed to identify the immune cells that are responsible for the recovery of the body#39;s tissues, and accordingly, the limbs and organs. This macrophages, which help salamanders grow new body parts instead of lost. However, these cells are not only salamanders, but also a number of other entities, including humans.
And this gives us hope that in the near future people will be able to regenerate, using technology salamanders.
Macrophages - are special cells in the body. Due to the closure function, they are considered the most important defenders. These cells capture and digest bacteria, dead cells and other foreign or toxic to the body of the particle. By the way, the name of the cells gave a famous Russian scientist Metchnikoff. Battle functional macrophages screened the other important properties of these cells - their ability to participate not only in the clean-up and disposal, but also in the reconstruction of new tissues.
Previously, we assumed that macrophages have an adverse effect on regeneration, but it has now become clear that this is not the case - if there are no macrophages in the early stages of treatment, recovery does not occur, - says the head of the research group of the Australian Institute of Regenerative Medicine at Monash University (Melbourne), James Godwin intriguing in an article published in the journal Proceedings of the Natural Academy of Sciences.
In all likelihood, once people had similar capabilities. But at some stage of evolution, and perhaps degradation, in terms of the biological component of a person, this ability for some reason, was almost completely lost.
But in salamanders (genus Salamandra), the system still works. These amazing creatures can not only restore the limbs and internal organs, but also the spinal cord and brain. In this healing virtually leaves no external signs - no scars or scratches. Salamanders have lost macrophages lose their ability to regenerate, but after the transplant necessary cells regain their ability to repair itself to full.
So far, however, no established mechanism for triggering regeneration and the specific role of macrophages. Once scientists can solve this puzzle will search for regenerative medicines for humans. Success in this direction will be a real revolution in medicine, since the possibility of organ regeneration will radically change a lot of medical practice.
But, it seems, without geneticists, biologists and scientists from other areas not solve this problem. Genetics, for example, suggest that the regeneration program is actually a modified piece of a program of individual development. And it is present in all living creatures, including humans. At the conclusion that a person, for whatever reasons, the full mechanism of tissue regeneration is off, impel, and recent studies in general, related to the salamanders species belonging to the reptile or aquatic vertebrates - crocodiles. Scientists have studied the growth of teeth in alligators, which, contrary to the well-known children#39;s tale, the teeth do not suffer. And all because they have these reptiles are constantly changing and just do not have time to go bad.
The teeth can be formed in crocodiles throughout life, and immediately replace eliminated. Each tooth has a spare alligator, which is underdeveloped state is under the existing one. Such a tooth tab also includes a fabric with stem cells, which are the newly reconstituted tooth germ, after it was made of their shift. Each tooth alligator change during the life time of his fifty. The person also has the ability, but for some reason the body does only two such tabs.
And by the way, long ago, in the first half of the 19th century English physician John Todd was installed surprising fact. Limb regeneration is possible only if there is in it a live nerve. If you cut the nerve leading from the spinal cord to the limb of Triton, which cut off the foot, regeneration does not occur. Scientists have linked it with the performance of the nerves leading role of the regulatory protein complexes on bricks to rebuild new cells and stimulate the production of a special protein. So not only are all diseases of the nerves, but the absolute healing is totally dependent on them.
